Impact of task difficulty and motor ability on visual-motor task performance of children with and without developmental coordination disorder.

INTRODUCTION Given the well-acknowledged visual-motor difficulties of children with developmental coordination disorder (DCD), it is surprising to find few research studies systematically exploring their visual-motor task performance. OBJECTIVE To describe the impact of task difficulty and motor ability on visual-motor task performance in children with and without DCD. METHODS Twenty-four children (8years 11months to 12years 11months) were recruited: 12 children with DCD, 12 children developing typically with regards to their motor skills. A computer-based aiming task completed with three different cursor controls of increasing levels of difficulty was designed for this study. Mixed-effect modeling analyses were performed to describe the influence of motor ability and task difficulty on visual-motor task performance. RESULTS Motor ability modulated the impact of task difficulty on visual-motor task performance. Children with DCD were as fast and as accurate as their peers in their initial performance of the simple task. However, they were slower and less accurate when performing the complex and novel visual-motor task. CONCLUSION While children with DCD can generally be characterized as less accurate and slower than their peers, this characterization needs to be specified and qualified; it is probably best not applied to a well-learned, simple task.